The Mughal Empire - Introduction
Babur: The first Mughal Emperor
• The first Mughals were a ruling family from Central Asia
• First Mughal Emperor in India was Zahir-ud-Din Muhammad Babur
• Babur was a Muslim who ruled in Turkestan and was keen to expand his territory
• In 1526 he defeated the Emperor of Delhi in the Battle of Panipat
• He then defeated other Indian chiefs and established himself as unchallenged ruler of northern India
• Babur ruled northern India for just four years before he died
• First Mughal Emperor in India was Zahir-ud-Din Muhammad Babur
• Babur was a Muslim who ruled in Turkestan and was keen to expand his territory
• In 1526 he defeated the Emperor of Delhi in the Battle of Panipat
• He then defeated other Indian chiefs and established himself as unchallenged ruler of northern India
• Babur ruled northern India for just four years before he died
Humayan: A Troubled Reign
• Babur was succeeded in 1530 by his son, Humayan
• The Afghan Chief Sher Shah Suri defeated Humayun in battle and took control many of his territories
• Humayan also had to face opposition from his own brothers
• But he successfully restored control in the lands that Babur had won
• Just one year later he fell from the steps of his library and died
• The Afghan Chief Sher Shah Suri defeated Humayun in battle and took control many of his territories
• Humayan also had to face opposition from his own brothers
• But he successfully restored control in the lands that Babur had won
• Just one year later he fell from the steps of his library and died
Akbar: The Empire Extended
• Although he was only 13 years old when he became emperor
• Akbar, extended the Mughal Empire
• He announced his own religion 'Din-e-lllahi', a new religion containing elements of Islam and Hinduism
• This religion did not take root and died out after Akbar's death.
• Akbar ruled for almost fifty years
• At his death the Mughal Empire was strong and the foundations had been laid for other emperors to continue to expand the lands under Mughal control.
• Akbar, extended the Mughal Empire
• He announced his own religion 'Din-e-lllahi', a new religion containing elements of Islam and Hinduism
• This religion did not take root and died out after Akbar's death.
• Akbar ruled for almost fifty years
• At his death the Mughal Empire was strong and the foundations had been laid for other emperors to continue to expand the lands under Mughal control.
Jehangir (emperor who signed treaty with British)
• After the death of Akbar Jehangir, his son became next emperor
• The expansion of Mughal Empire continued under Jehangir
• It was Jehangir who signed a commercial treaty with British in 1615 without realizing that the British would eventually overthrow the Mughals
• The expansion of Mughal Empire continued under Jehangir
• It was Jehangir who signed a commercial treaty with British in 1615 without realizing that the British would eventually overthrow the Mughals
Shah Jehan(built Taj Mahal)
• Jehangir's son, Khurram took the throne under the name Shah Jehan• He was responsible for building the famous Taj Mahal, in memory of his favourite wife, Mumtaz Mahal
• Shah Jehan also tried to extend the empire in campaigns against the Persians and in modern day Uzbekistan
• But his wars were were costly and ineffective
• He defeated Portuguese
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